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Dynamic marks indicate how loud or soft the music
should be played. For instrumental parts, dynamic marks are placed under (or near-by) a
note beneath the musical staff. For a vocal part, the dynamic mark is placed above (or
near-by) a note on top of the musical staff.
forte possible: |
As loud as possible |
fortissimo: |
Very loud. |
forte: |
Loud. |
mezzo forte: |
Moderately loud. |
mezzo piano: |
Moderately soft. |
piano: |
Soft. |
pianissimo: |
Very soft. |
piano possible: |
As soft as possible. |
forte-piano: |
Loud, then immediately soft. |
sforzando: |
Strongly accented. |
rinforzando: |
Reinforced. |
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